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Cake day: May 19th, 2024

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  • You would also need to find a suitable location. If the reservoir is really far away, you’ll be losing too much energy. Think of transmission losses, but for water in a pipe. The reservoir would need to be pretty high as well, so a flat desert won’t work for an application like this.

    Ideally, you would have a solar farm in the desert and use the excess energy to pump salt water to the top of a small mountain that sits right next to the ocean. With this setup, you would have a stable source of energy, which you could send to the grid. When the reservoir is full and energy demand is low, you could dump the remaining energy into desalination.

    You could also use some of that energy to produce hydrogen and oxygen from water. During peak demand hours you could used a fuel cell to make electricity from the hydrogen.

    You’ll also get oxygen as a byproduct, which could be used for a bunch of different chemical processes to get some additional revenue. This is basically a blueprint for a large industrial facility.





  • “Chinese authorities temporarily suspended the release of monthly figures after youth unemployment hit an all-time high of 21.3% in June last year. Since then, new standards have been applied and announced from this year excluding enrolled students from the statistical target.”

    If that trick doesn’t work, you could narrow it down even more to make the numbers prettier. Maybe you could exclude the people who have a degree in a specific field.


  • To some extent, these compounds will inevitably mix together. During the early stages of earth (hadean period), there was a time when it was raining all the time, which meant that all of the minerals on the surface were exposed to water. Naturally, some of those were water soluble, which changed the composition of the growing oceans at the time. Some minerals also underwent various other reactions, which caused them to crumble (weathering) which exposed even more reactive surface. In some cases, you ended up with cracks that allowed the rain water to penetrate deeper into to the crust and find its way to larger deposits of water soluble minerals, such as NaCl. The initial exposure to water only kickstarted the process, but later rain and rivers continued to deliver even more salt to the oceans, resulting in the current salinity over the course of billions of years.

    In order to prevent the initial dissolution of salts, you would need to have a planet without oxygen in any form, so that there would not be any water. If your planet has oxygen and water, but no chlorine, you would still get various other salts such as sulfates, which would make the oceans salty. Either way, it would be a very exotic combination of elements, and might never actually happen.

    If you’re ok with the initial dissolution of salts during the hadean era, but wish to prevent any later dissolution of salts, you could do that by evaporating all the water, just like Venus and Mars did. However, then you won’t have any oceans either, so that’s not ideal.

    Another way would be to make the planet as cool as the moons of Jupiter and Saturn, so that there would be hardly any liquid weather. This way, the midly salty oceans produced in the hadean period would be covered with a sheet of ice, preventing any further weathering and dissolution. Also, a Water World (remember that movie) should produce a similar result, since rain and rivers aren’t in contact the rock surface. However, the salt from the hadean period would still be there, so this isn’t ideal either.

    The dead sea mechanism is also an interesting alternative. Just replicate that mechanism at a massive scale, and you have relatively fresh water oceans and massive dead seas that just accumulate all of the salt from other bodies of water. Those surface salt deposits would need to be close to the equator so that the sun can evaporate all of the water that flows into them. Those deposits would also need to be lower than the rest of the terrain, and they would need to be connected to the surrounding oceans via rivers, which is a tall order IMO.

    Over the course of billions of years, some of those salt deposits might get pushed into the fresh water oceans, which would mess up the whole thing. I think this setup is not stable for billions of years, but it could be possible for a certain period anyway. Maybe this could be a good place for a scifi story. Imagine a planet with massive fresh water oceans and several saturated salt pools near the equator.